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ABSTRACT Three parasitoid species Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aphelinus abdominalis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were evaluated concerning their parasitism potential in two aphid species, Aphis glycines and Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The feeding of these two aphid species, even at low sums, can significantly damage photosynthesis and is found to transmit many kinds of plant viruses, which impact potential adverse effects on the plants. The overall parasitization on all nymphal ages in As. glycines was accomplished by Ad. colemani (60.50%), Ad. matricariae (49.16%) and Al. abdominalis (40%), while in As. gossypii parasitism exhibited by Ad. colemani (79.48%), Ad. matricariae (65.33%) and Al. abdominalis (58.83%). Aphelinus abdominalis exhibited the lowest parasitism in both given species as hosts. Significant differences in parasitism of different parasitoids and host species were observed. Concerning the preference of nymphal instars, we found that parasitoids species prefer to parasitize 1st- 4th instars in As. gossypii while in As. glycines 2nd, 1st, 3rd and 4th. Our results showed that the parasitism increases with the increase of parasitoid numbers and hosts densities.
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A Simple, sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic [HPLC] method for effective and specific analysis of Loxoprofen [LXP] in the mobile phase and human plasma was developed. Effective chromatographic separation was attained on a Mediterranea Sea C18 column [250×4.6mm, 5um] with mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 0.01 M NaH2PO4 buffer [55: 45] by adjusting pH 6.5 with sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer at a flow rate of 1ml/ min. Calibration ranges from 0.1ppm to 10 ppm with a coefficient of relation value [R2=0.999] by using a linear regression method and lower limit of quantification was 0.1ppm. The current method showed inter-day and intra-day accuracy and precision within the range of +/- 10%. % RSD was found to be less than 5 %. Analytical recovery was more than 90% which confirmed the reliability of current method. The proposed method was found appropriate for assessment of LXP in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study
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Objective: To compare the post surgical effects of two different concentrations' i.e. 4mg [milligram] and 8mg of sub mucosal dexamethasone to decrease trismus by comparing the mean decrease in interincisal distance in patients undergoing impacted mandibular third molar surgery
Study Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial
Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient department of oral and maxillofacial surgery unit, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. The study was completed in 6 months, from Jan 2012 to Jul 2012
Material and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 150 patients. Patients were divided into two groups A and B. Mean interincisal distance of all patients was recorded pre operatively and post operatively. All patients were advised to use a mouthwash clorhexidine 0.2 percent before surgery. Group A received 4 mg dexamethasone and group B received 8 mg dexamethasone in the buccal vestibular tissues. Standard surgical procedure was performed by the same operator under same conditions. Postoperative mean interincisal distance of all patients was recorded on day 2 [after 48 hours of surgery]
Results: Average age of patients was 32.62 +/- 7.86 years with minimum and maximum ages of 20 and 50 years respectively. Gender distribution was almost equal. Average [maximum interincisal] mouth opening distance was significantly higher in group B as compared to group A i.e. [36 +/- 3.928 mm [millimeter] versus 26.04 +/- 3.097 mm] with p-value=0.000
Conclusion: Eight mg dose of dexamethasone was statistically more significant in reducing the trismus as compare to 4mg [p-value=0.000]
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Objective: Correlation of age with central corneal thickness [CCT] and corneal endothelial cell density [ECD] in Pakistani population
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology Rawalpindi from Apr 2016 to Oct 2016
Material and Methods: CCT and ECD was measured in 330 eyes of 165 patients, aged between 21-70 years of age. Patients were further divided into five age groups. Three readings were taken for each eye, and mean of three readings was used for the analysis. Pearson correlation was calculated between CCT, ECD and age
Results: A total of 330 eyes of 165 patients were studied. Out of study population, 81 [49.09 percent] were males and 84 [50.90 percent] were females. Mean ECD [cell/mm2] was 3063.85 +/- 234.65 cells/mm2 and 256.42 +/- 475.06 cells/mm2 in patients aged 21-30 years, and 61-70 years respectively. Mean CCT [micrometer] was 544 +/- 18 micrometer and 528 +/-21 micrometer in patients aged 21-30 years, and 61-70 years respectively. A statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between age and corneal ECD [r=?0.718, p<0.01] and age and CCT [r=?0.230, p<0.01]
Conclusion: Both CCT and corneal ECD decrease significantly with age in Pakistani population, with statistically more decrease in ECD with age, than CCT
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Background: Atypical facial Pain is a debilitating condition characterized by stabbing, burning and dysesthetic sensation. With a variety of underlying causes neurosurgeons has struggled to find its effective treatments. Surgical options available for the treatment of atypical fascial pain are radiofrequency Rhizotomy, glycerol Rhizotomy and balloon compression. Radiofrequency Rhizotomy is currently use in Pakistan. Studies have shown that it is less costly with minimal complication rate as compared with the other surgical interventions. But up till now, no study has been conducted in Pakistan to assess its efficacy
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of RFR for atypical facial pain syndrome in terms of complete pain relief
Study Design: It is a descriptive case series. Period of study: One year from 01-12-2016 to 30-11-2017
Place of Study: Department of Neurosurgery Lahore General Hospital [LGH] Lahore
Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of RFR for Atypical Facial Pain syndrome in terms of complete pain relief. It is a descriptive case Series. Research was conducted at Department of Neurosurgery, Lahore General Hospital Lahore. Duration of study was 1 year. This study involved 38 patients of both genders aged between 35 to 75 years diagnosed case of Atypical fascial pain syndrome for more than 12 months. All the patients were assessed per operatively according to functional pain score
Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.47+/-11.92 years and there were 15 [39.5 percent] male and 23 [60.5 percent] female patients in the study group. Most of the patients were aged between 30-40 years [28.9 percent]. The duration of pain ranged from 7 months to 15 months with a mean of 10.74+/-2.34 months. The functional pain score before the treatment ranged from 2 to 5 with a mean of 3.84+/-1.00 while the function pain score after treatment ranged from 0-3 with a mean of 1.50+/-.73. The frequency of patients with pain relief was 47.4 percent
Conclusion: Pain relief was observed in 18 [47.4 percent] patients, 6 weeks after treatment. The frequency of pain relief was insignificantly lower with increasing duration and severity of pain at admission
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Objective: To determine correlation of anterior chamber depth with peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place and Duration of study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology Rawalpindi, from Apr 2016 to Oct 2016
Patients and Methods: Anterior chamber depth and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness was measured in 200 eyes of 110 patients, between 10-40 years of age. Anterior chamber depth was measured in mm, by taking average of 3 readings, measured by optical biometry [IOL Master, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin whereas average peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer pRNFL thickness was obtained by taking average of 12 segments RNFL thickness measurement, calculated by Spectral domain optical coherence tomography [SD OCT] [3D OCT-1000 Markll, Topcon Co, Tokyo, Japan] after dilating pupils with one drop of 1% Tropicamide, instilled three times, 10 minutes apart. Three readings were taken for each eye. The mean of the three readings was used for the analysis. Pearson correlation [+1/-1] was calculated between anterior chamber depth, peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness and age
Results: Two hundred eyes of 110 patients were included in the study. Both eyes were considered in 90% of the patient, however only Right eye was considered in 6.3% of the patients while left eye in 3.7% of the patients. Mean age of the patients was 26.58 +/- 8.88 years. Mean visual acuity of patients measured by log MAR was 0.52 +/- 0.12. Mean Anterior chamber depth [ACD] of patients was 3.41 +/- 0.35 while mean RNFL appeared to be 103.26 +/- 8.89 um
Conclusion: It was concluded that anterior chamber depth was neither related significantly with peripapillary nerve fiber layer nor with age
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Objective: To assess the risk of acquiring cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] in tribal areas of Pakistan. Study Design: A cross sectional observational study. Place and duration of study: Combined Military Hospital, Okara, from Oct 2014 to Mar 2015
Material and Methods: A total of 4500 persons between the ages of 22 to 50 years, who were moved from central areas of Punjab to Waziristan on duty, were studied for the occurrence of CL. All cases was developed cutaneous lesions and were confirmed as having CL were included in the study. During the same period, 4300 persons living at Okara, who did not have any exposure to the Federally Administered Tribal Area in same age group, were also observed and studied as control group
Results: A total of 36 patients suffered from CL in the study population, while one case from the control group developed the disease [p<0.05]. This patient was resident of Sindh and had repeated visits to his home station. The risk of developing CL was greater in Waziristan as compared to central Punjab as odds ratio [OR] was calculated as 30.79
Conclusion: There is substantial risk of developing CL in persons exposed to tribal areas of Pakistan
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Ingestion of foreign bodies including dentures can be a cause of morbidity and mortality. We report a case of poor-fit denture in an elderly male with pulmonary and musculoskeletal comorbidities, who presented as an acute abdomen. The pin attached to the denture caused perforation of first part of duodenum. The only positive finding prior to surgery was a radiopaque density in the abdominal radiograph of the patient and air under the diaphragm. It is important for all the surgeons dealing with acute care patients to be aware of different designs and constructions of dentures
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Background: Prostate cancer incidence is rising leading to a major health problem globally. Infectious complications in TRUS guided prostate biopsy are very common without antibiotic prophylaxis
Objective: To compare the effect of single dose and three day ciprofloxacin prophylaxis regimen for prevention of urinary tract infection after prostatic biopsy
Methodology: This randomized controlled trial involved 130 patients with Prostate cancer which were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group-A received two ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablets stat while Group-B received 3 days has of ciprofloxacin treatment. Patients were followed up to 5 days to observe any symptoms of UTI. Written informed consent was taken from all the patients. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19
Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.84 +/- 7.28 years. The mean age of the patients in Group-A was 56.44 +/- 7.10 years while in Group-B it was 57.23 +/- 7.50 years. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of age. On follow up at 5 days, 11 patients has UTI. The rate of presence of UTI was similar across different age groups and treatment regimens. Treatment with one-day antibiotic prophylaxis resulted in UTI in 6[9,2%] associated with in comparison to three days' antibiotic treatment, where 5 [7.6%] has UTI. [P=0.64]
Conclusion: The incidence of UTI with one-day antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin was comparable to three antibiotic treatments in patients who are candidates for TRUS guided biopsy
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Penile strangulation due to any solid encircling ornament or metal is rarely reported. Venous outflow obstruction due to any constricting item around the shaft leads to venous congestion, urinary obstruction, and rarely gangrene of the penile shaft skin. We report a case presenting with penile near-strangulation due to iron-lead metallic junction pipe which was cut using a heavy electric metal cutter
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality characterized by opening of external urethral meatus on ventral aspect of the penis with an overall incidence of 1:300. Different treatment modalities have been employed in the treatment of distal penile hypospadias with varying degrees of success and complications. A number of studies have compared Mathieu and Snodgrass Techniques but the existing evidence is doubtful owing to small sample size and great variation in their results
Objective: To compare the outcome of Mathieu repair with that of tubularized incised Plate Urethroplasty [Snodgrass] in distal penile hypospadias
Methodology: 90 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria's were selected and divided into two equal groups randomly using lottery method. Group-A was treated by Mathieu technique and Group-B underwent Snodgrass repair. Operative time was noted in minutes from the start of procedure till the end. Patients were followed post-operatively at 15[th] day, 1 Month and 2 Months and functional recovery and complications were evaluated
Results: The age of the patient ranged from 1 to 25 years in both groups with mean age of 6.67+/-5.74 years in Group-A and 6.65+/-6.06 years in Group-B [p=0.982]. Snodgrass was better in terms of mean operative time [67.37+/-8.85 minutes versus 87.86+/-8.22; p=0.00] as compared to Mathieu technique. The functional outcome in terms of meatal location at tip was better in Snodgrass [93.7% versus 80.2%; p=0.003] with a lower fistula rate [5.4% versus 21.6%; p=0.00] as compared to Mathieu technique
Conclusion: Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty [Snodgrass] is better than Mathieu technique for the treatment of distal penile hypospadias in terms of operative time, success and complication rate
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Objective: To determine the correlation between mean central corneal thickness taken with Galilei dual Scheimpflug Analyzer and Applanation Ultrasound Pachymetry
Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology Rawalpindi, from Jul 2013 to Jan 2014
Material and Methods: Central corneal thickness was measured in 100 eyes of 50 patients. First three readings were taken with Galilei dual Scheimpflug analyzer, with a gap of 1 minute. Then three readings were taken with ultrasound pachymetry after applying topical 0.5% proparacaine [Alcain]. The mean of the three readings was used for the analysis
Results: For right eye the mean central corneal thickness measured by the Galilei dual Scheimpflug analyzer and Ultrasound pachymetry was 544.06?m +/- 27.36 and 546.88?m +/- 27.71 respectively, and for left eye it was 544.72?m +/- 25.47 and 546.52?m +/- 26.15 respectively. There was a strong and positive correlation between the two instruments [r=0.969, p=0.000 for right eye and r=0.956, p=0.000 for left eye]
Conclusions: The pachymetry readings with GSA showed strong and positive correlation with those of US pachymetry. So GSA may be considered as an alternative to US Pachymetry, thus avoiding operator-dependent errors, patient discomfort and other disadvantages
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OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disease afflicting around 1.1% of the population worldwide. Recently, MIR137, CACNA1C, CSMD1, DRD2, and GRM3 have been reported as the most robustly emerging candidates involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. In this case control study, we performed an association analysis of rs1625579 (MIR137), rs1006737, rs4765905 (CACNA1C), rs10503253 (CSMD1), rs1076560 (DRD2), rs12704290, rs6465084, and rs148754219 (GRM3) in Pakistani population. METHODS: Schizophrenia was diagnosed on the basis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed (DSM-IV). Detailed clinical information, family history of all patients and healthy controls were collected. RFLP based case control association study was performed in a Pakistani cohort of 508 schizophrenia patients and 300 healthy control subjects. Alleles and genotype frequencies were calculated using SPSS. RESULTS: A significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies for rs4765905, rs1076560 and rs6465084 were found between the patients and controls (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: This study provides substantial evidence supporting the role of CACNA1C, GRM3 and DRD2 as schizophrenia susceptibility genes in Pakistani population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alleles , Case-Control Studies , Cohort Studies , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Pakistan , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
Objective: To find out the frequency of different pathologies causing enlarged cervical lymph nodes
Study Design: A Prospective observational study
Place and Duration: Study carried out from 1[st] Jan 2006 to 31[st] Dec 2006 at ENT Department of Khayber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Department of Pathology Kabeer Medical College, Peshawar and Department of Histopathology, Combined Military Hospital Peshawar Cantonment
Methodology: The patients presenting with cervical lymph node enlargement for more than one month duration were subjected to Fine Needle Aspiration. A Core Needle or open biopsy was performed when FNAC yielded a non diagnostic aspirate or when a histological confirmation of a malignant tumour was required
Results: A total of 116 patients, aged between 8-72 years with a mean age of 34.64 and male to female ratio of 1.23:1 were studied. Tuberculosis was the commonest cause of lymphadenopathy 36.2% [n=42], followed by metastatic disease 29.3% [n=34], reactive hyperplasia was the third commonest cause with 19.3% [n=22], followed by Lymphoma [both Non Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's] accounting for 13.8% of cases. A single case 0.86% of Kikuchi's or Necrotizing lymphadenitis was also found
Conclusion: Tuberculosis was the underlying cause in younger patients while metastatic disease was more commonly found in elderly patients
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Objective: To determine the effect of mechanism of injury on wound healing, and on the viability and success of distally based sural flap when used for the coverage of defects of lower leg, ankle and foot
Study Design: Descriptive study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar and Khariyan, from January 2012 to December 2014
Methodology: Patients with soft tissue defects over the distal leg, ankle and foot were selected by purposive sampling technique and divided into 2 groups of 19 patients each. Group A [road traffic accidents] and group B [war injuries]. Sural fascio-cutaneous flap was the reconstructive tool used in all the cases using single technique by the same surgical team; and time for recipient site preparation, size of the defect, graft survival, its healing time and complications, were studied
Results: The mean age of the 38 patients in the study was 28.2 +/- 13.4 years. There were 36 male and 2 female patients. The most common site of injury encountered was leg [n=20] followed by foot [n=11] and ankle [n=5]. Maximum wound size seen in group A was 10 x 12 cm and in group B was 15 x 38 cm. Recovery was uneventful in 17/19 cases of group A while 7/19 in group B and with no graft failure. Superficial epidermolysis was seen in 2 and 8 cases in group A and B respectively while edge necrosis of the flap was observed in group B only [n=4]. Healing time on average was 2 to 3 weeks in group A, and 4 to 5 weeks in group B
Conclusion: Soft tissue defects of the distal lower extremity as a result of war injuries and road traffic accidents have different dynamics in terms of wound size, time of wound healing, wound complications and functional outcome; but distal based sural flap has promising results in both situations
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Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media [CSOM] is one of the common diseases in routine ENT practice
Objective: To compare the efficacy of topical ciprofloxacin with oral ciprofloxacin 500mg twice daily in achieving dry ear [Medical cure] in Tubo-tympanic type of Chronic suppurative otitis media
Methodology: Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at ENT department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur from 01 January to 30 September 2015. One hundered patients, 11 to 60 years of age of either gender having Tubo-tympanic type of chronic supportive otitis media were included. Patients with previous antibiotic treatment, pregnant or lactating women, history of hypersensitivity to Quinolones [ciprofloxacin], chronic suppurative otitis media of Attico-antral type, known case of DM and hypertension were excluded. Selected patients were divided into two groups [Group A and Group B] by using lottery method. Group A [n=50] was given Ciprofloxacin ear drops and Group B [n=50] was given Oral Ciprofloxacin 500mg twice daily. The patients were followed up to 08 weeks after treatment [at least two follow up visits] and examined otoscopically and under microscope to assess the efficacy. The efficacy of drugs was graded into four grades depending upon the decrease in discharge amount [Poor/no response, satisfactory, good and excellent]. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20
Results: The mean age of group Apatients was 27 +/- 5 and in group B was 30 +/- 5 years. Males were 67 [67%] and females were 33 [33%] with ratio of 2:1. Bilateral CSOM in 27 [27%] and Unilateral was found in 73 patients [73%]. Efficacy was excellent in 52%, good in 24%, satisfactory in 8% and poor/ no response in 11% patients of Group A while it was excellent in 36%, good in 24%, satisfactory in 1% and poor/no response in 30% patients of Group B
Conclusion: This study concluded that Topical ciprofloxacin is more effective than oral ciprofloxacin in the medical treatment of tubo-tympanic type of CSOM to obtain dry ear
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Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species [ROS] have been documented subsist to the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. The strength of both parameters could be estimated by measuring oxidative stress marker thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], its related parameters and the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase [SOD] in plasma of DM patients. Lipid peroxidation was measured as TBARS and presented as malondialdehyde, total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglyceride [Tg], the antioxidants [vitamin A [beta-carotene], vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and superoxide dismutase] levels. The results showed that these parameters, commonly, were declined appreciably in diabetic individuals as compared to the healthy individuals. In most cases, age and gender were appeared to involve in having greater values of diabetes marker. Further, increased level of lipid peroxidation and random behaviour of antioxidant potential also associated with Diabetes. For that reason these biomarkers might be of great important to diagnosis DNA damages of diabetic patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , DNA Damage , Homocysteine , Superoxide Dismutase , Malondialdehyde , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive SubstancesABSTRACT
To determine the current sensitivity pattern against staphylococci found in skin and soft tissue infections. Patients were enrolled from OPD of Dermatology Department, PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi. All the patients with skin infections showing growth of Staphylococcus aureus on culture medium were selected. After informed consent, swab specimens were collected under aseptic measures from skin lesions for microbial analysis and sensitivity pattern. Among skin infections, furunculosis was found most common, comprising of 45.7% [n=43], cellulitis 15.0% [n=14], ecthyma 8.5% [n=8], erysipelas 8.5% [n=8] and impetigo 22.3% [n=21]. According to drug sensitivity patterns, vancomycin was found sensitive in 100%, linezolid 98.9%, mupirocin 96.8%, rifampicin 95.7%, chloramphenicol 94.7%, clindamycin 86.2%, amikacin 84%, moxifloxacin 83%, fusidic acid 79.8%, gentamicin 76.6%, oxacillin 69.1%, ciprofloxacin 68.1%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 62.8%, erythromycin 60.6% and trimethoprimsulphamethaxazole 57.4% of cases Vancomycin, linezolid, rifampicin, clindamycin, moxifloxacin and chloramphenicol showed highest efficacy in this study. However, clinical studies are required to confirm in vivo efficacy and side effect profile of these drugs
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Skin , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
Parvo B19 virus can cause different diseases in human. It can cause myocarditis which if not treated in time can prove fatal. Here we are presenting a case of 43 years old immune-competent male who was found to be infected with Parvo B 19 virus, which was diagnosed by positive serology and PCR technique. He was successfully treated and ison regular follow up. Every clinician should consider the possibility of PVB 19 in any patient presenting with acute myocarditis
ABSTRACT
Peritonsillar abscess [PTA] or Quinsy is a severe form of infection which is rare but has a significant morbidity and mortality
Objectives: Present study was aimed to find out significance of local infiltration anesthesia [LIA] in drainage of quinsy
Materials and Methods: This prospective and comparative study was conducted to find the role of local infiltration anaesthesia [LIA] in fifty [50] patients of quinsy who were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group-A did not receive any local anaesthesia while Group-B received local infiltration anesthesia [LIA] for drainage of quinsy. The pain experienced by patients of both groups before, during and half an hour after the operation was measured on a numerical rating scale [NRS] from zero to 10. All the patients were followed-up for six weeks and other findings like need of hospitalisation, relief of trismus, rate of recovery and treatment cost were also recorded
Results: The Group-B patients felt less or no pain as compared to Group-A, who felt more pain during and after drainage of quinsy
Conclusion: Local infiltration anaesthesia has significant benefit in reducing pain during and after drainage
Objectives: Present study was aimed to find out significance of local infiltration anesthesia [LIA] in drainage of quinsy
Materials and Methods: This prospective and comparative study was conducted to find the role of local infiltration anaesthesia [LIA] in fifty [50] patients of quinsy who were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group-A did not receive any local anaesthesia while Group-B received local infiltration anesthesia [LIA] for drainage of quinsy. The pain experienced by patients of both groups before, during and half an hour after the operation was measured on a numerical rating scale [NRS] from zero to 10. All the patients were followed-up for six weeks and other findings like need of hospitalisation, relief of trismus, rate of recovery and treatment cost were also recorded
Results: The Group-B patients felt less or no pain as compared to Group-A, who felt more pain during and after drainage of quinsy
Conclusion: Local infiltration anaesthesia has significant benefit in reducing pain during and after drainage